The small area it surrounds is the Saarland.
The Lower Palatinate.
The Lower Palatinate extends from the left bank of the Rhine and borders in
the S on France and in the W on the Saarland and Luxembourg. Neustadt an der
Weinstrasse is the capital; Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, and Speyer
are the chief cities. It is to the West of the Upper Palatinate:
The small area it surrounds is the Saarland.